Buddhist medicine hygiene
Aim in the
Buddhism is included in the Ayurveda vejūpamo mahāvīro, agadūpamo mahāvīro,
bhisakko, sallakatto are some other names about the Buddha[i]. Prince Siddhartha was
very well versed and trained in the sixty four arts. Among them Ayurveda was
also included. It is included in the Buddhist dispensation that the Buddha
received treatment from the Ayurvedic physician named Jeewaka and there were
many Aurvedic physicians ordained in the Buddhist dispensation. Emperor
Alexander great (B.C. 333) accompanied Ayurvedic physicians with him to Greece
majority of them were Buddhists. During the king Dharmashoka era among the
priests who were engaged spreading Buddhism. There were Ayurveda specialists.
The emperor Dharmashoka sent gift to king Devanampiyatissa and besides such
gift there was “thripala”[ii]. There still remains
ruins of Ayurveda hospital constructed at the foot of the Mihintala rock of the
use of the them Buddhist priests including arahath maha mahinda thero.
Charaka of Kashmir was
the person who renewed Agniweshatantra. He too was a monk of the Mahayana. It
was reverend Nagarjuna who took pain to grow up the Sushutaya and bring it to
the present state; He was a monk too. The king Buddhadasa who compiled Sarartha
sangraha too was a Buddhist[iii]. It was the Buddhist
priest who wrote the two books in Pali, named Bhesajja manjusa and Yogapitaka
and hundreds of medicine books were compiled in Sinhala; all the authors were
Buddhists. Buddhism and Ayurveda are considered two fold but the aim is one.
The main aim of Buddhism is salvation while the main aspiration of Ayurveda is
hygiene. And also Buddhism has not evaded the thought of body hygiene and the
mental hygiene.as well as
ārogyā paramā lābhā
santuttī paramam dhanam
visvāsā paramā ñāti
nibbhāna paramam sukham[iv]
which means “health is
the best of gain, happiness is the best of wealth, confidence is the best of
relatives and emancipation is the best of pleasure. Moreover it is mentioned in
several places about the hygiene. In texts named commentary of Thadiya, Vinaya
vinichchaya, Khuddaka shikshana,Vinayalankara vinaya muttaka manjusa,
Sikavaladavinisa, are explanations of hygiene for an example greed, hatred, ignorance are cured from medicine
such as virtue, concentration and wisdom. according to Buddhaghosa; suffering
is disease, origin of suffering is root of disease, cessation of suffering is
beatitude, the path is the medicine.
The cure body ailment
induced vomiting, nasal cleansing, induced motion, raktha moksha, blood
transfusion were used and taught in the Ayurveda. The arahant theros Kassapa,
Chunda, and Moggallana became sick. the Buddha visited them advised them to
meditate on the seven factors of enlightenment such as mindfulness, investigation
of the law, energy, rapture, tranquility, concentration and equanimity. After
concentrating on the those seven factors of enlightenment the arahant theros
were cured. And also arahant Girimananda thero became sick and the Buddha was
informed regarding the monks sick then the Buddha advised to concentrate on the
ten perceptions and to meditate. Upon doing so the Girimananda thero became
well. There are two type hygiene namely physical hygiene and mental hygiene. In
Buddhism mind is identified as a Savana indriya similar to other faculties the
mind too can be developed.
Dūraṅgamaṅ ekacaraṅ
asarīraṅ guhāsayaṅ
ye cittaṅ saññamessanti
mokkanti māra bandhanā[v]
Faring far, wandering
alone, bodiless, lying in a cave; it is mind. Those who subdue it are freed
from the bond of Māra.
Buddha identified the
mind as a medium of attaining emancipation and disclosed mental happen is
recognized in psychology as the ability to face any situation or any force with
courage. The neurosis caused physically, economically, environmentally is
called phychosis. Psychologists say that there are different section for these
illnesses and this unfortunate section prevails situations such as examination
failures, getting poison in to the body, economic problems, love affairs and
such problems will automatically cause mental distortion important mental other
factors which are rooted to some other physical illnesses are frustration and
anxiety[vi]. In an agitated society
to come up such mental situations are very much more. and at present
meditations are being used to combat such situations mostly simple meditation
methods should be used. Buddha has explained this is the Anguttara Nikaya. It
goes thus;
“nāhaṅ bhikkhave aññaṅ
ekadhammapi samanupassāmi yaṅ evam bhāvitam bahulīkatam sukhāvaham hoti
yathaidam cittam”[vii] monks, I
am not aware of another way of achieving happen more than through meditation
and cultivate further and further in rumination
there are thousands of
suffering people due to various mental conflicts who were cured through the
advice of Buddhism, found in the Buddhist dispensation. such clinical ways of
fruiting could be identified in Theragāthā
psalms of monks, pslms of nuns,
detail of infernal states detail of
heavenly bodice etc. wich are good teaching examples for above[viii].
A psychological analysis
has come up with regard to the above conflicts in the Abhidhamma; also There
are thousands of teaching examples found
in Sutta discovers to cure the mental conflicts. to identify a mental conflict
it is necessary to
01. to
receive him well (ehi āgatavādī)
02. to converse with him closely (skhilo
sammodako)
03. to listen to the guardian or parents (
in front of the patient)
04. to listen to the patient (alone or
presence of the guardian)
05. details about family or relatives
06. environment
07. details about name,
age, religion, home etc.
08.physical illnesses
09. daily routine
10. detail of horoscope
11. other details
12. reason of coming to
the consulter and the method of arrival
Through these details the
analysis of the illness could be ascertained correctly and accurately to cure
the patient. The phenomena or matter,
suffering and consciousness in the pañcanīvarana centeredfor the confide of
very small and young children; to to solve such problems it is fruitful to use
little advise and to change their behavior patterns when dealing
with such situations.
it is the mature of the
young people to enjoy the images and sounds of the sense and when they do not
receive such feeling the tollorons characteristics visible.
·
sensous desire
·
ill-will
·
sloth and torpor
·
restlessness and scrupls
·
sceptical doubt unsuitable
the
unsuitable and wrong feelings maintained in the minds and thinking about these
from time to time causing the following
characteristics
·
taking to be alone (ekāi)
·
not taking social (ūpakatta)
·
not speaking to the face (adhomukha)
·
to show an unwanted sublime
(patthakkhandha)
·
to contemplate hard (pajjhayanta)
·
sacredness (bhīru)
·
to get trembled (utrāsi)
·
to leave away from people or society
(palāi)
·
to stay firmly without trembling (camhi)
·
to speak less (mūga)
·
to like to listen to other way of speak
wrongly (sotāvadhāna)
The
hygiene explained in the Girimananda sutta
Buddhism
and hygiene is not a two but one and it is joined together well. there the
advise is given everywhere and the main
character is behavior and attachment eight principals are depicted in Buddhism
where wrong behaviors are shown[ix]. There are
·
illness caused due to bile (pitta
samutthānā ābadhā)
·
illness caused due to rheum (semha
samutthānā ābadhā)
·
illness caused due to wind (vāta samutthānā
ābadhā)
·
illness caused due to three ills (sannipātikā ābadhā)
·
illness caused due to seasons
(utuparināmajā ābadhā)
·
illness caused due to wrong behaviors
(visama parihājā ābadhā)
·
illness caused due to external behaviors
(opakkamikā ābadhā)
·
illness caused due to karma (kamma
vipākajā ābadhā)
when Mahamoggallana thero
and Girimananda thero becamr sick, the Buddha preached the seven factors of
enlightenment and those are mindfulness, investigation, energy, rapture,
tranquility, concentration, equanimity.
This clearly explains the
Buddha used his own doctrine as a psychologist to cure illness. psychology
analysis is connected to the Ayurveda and preached what should be done to
Girimananda thero. It was also preached to Ananda thero to understand the ten
conception and prepare the mind with inhaling side to cure the elements. the
ten perceptions are
01. the perception if
impermanence (aniccasaññā)
02. the perception of
non-self (anattasaññā)
03. perception of
ugliness or loathsomeness (asubhasaññā)
04. perception of the
disadvantages or the negative side (ādīnavasaññā)
05. perception of
abandoning, giving up, removing (pahānasaññā)
06. perception of
dispassion (virāgasaññā)
07. perception of
cessation (nirodhasaññā)
08. mindfulness of
breathing (ānapānasati)
09. perception of
non-delight in the all worlds (sabbaloke anabhiratasaññā)
10. perception of all
formations as undesirable (sabbasakhāresu aniccasaññā)[x]
There are impermanence
perception is detailed without knowing the non-impermanence of five aggregates of clinging. here (rūpa)
is an illness (vedanā) feeling is what
is felt. (saññā) perception is the knowledge of knowing the illness due to the
feeling (sankāra) formations means place where the illness has occurred
(viññāna) means consciousness or the knowledge from that knowledge of the
illness it becomes quite easy and from the five senses the eye is seen the
image,the tongue finds the taste similarly the teachers analyses the mind and
understand both sense. similarly tongue finds the taste is impermanent and the
body feels the feeling is also said to be impermanent as well. Here when the
ill perception is explained Buddha showed that He was well aware of knowledge
of the body. That is form the top of the soul and below the hair and all the
interned sense at the end of the skin are impermanent also all the aliment were
explained as one who as well and studied with the Arurveda knowledge and
understood the root cause of illnesses the perception of riddance are
explained. there the clinging or great, hatred killing or torture such as ill
wills are to be annihilated[xi]. it explained the how
Buddha advised Girimananda Thero how He should do the breathing excuse for the
physical maintenance. This method improves the development of physical and mental
health little by development of muscles, tissues, lungs and extends and improves
in breathing fills more air in the lungs and a good quality of oxygen is
absorbes to blood while the quantity of carbon dioxide exit is increased
similary during the process of breathing not only the lungs the stomach walls
too become to the position of inhaling and exhaling resulting the in the great
muscle to more up and down causes the five aggregates such as kidney to more
will effect a simple massage this movement become constant this coustant
movement assist to more bowels supply of blood to the above senses and to
strength lien faculties These will strengthen the health and not only health
but also the mental happening the Buddha had a great knowledge of conclusions
breathing, He trained the physical breathing to Girimananda thero since He was
well versed in such training and at the end Girimananda thero was completely
cured, this was given in the Girimananda sutta. The thero not because its after
that as given in the discourse[xii].
in the
Girimananda sutta explains that 7 out of root causes of illnesses such as pitthasamutthānā due to bile disorders
the ill differences caused in the inner or the outer body. due to the climate
or seasons changes will cause individual or social health changes. air, biles,
flem have to be maintained in balance form if not at will cause illnenes as
explained in the eastern ayurvedic system kammawipākajā
ābādhā due to the karmic or previous
birth effect is only considered as the cause. Those illness named Bhagandarā is
given. There are many who think that all the other disease are similarly same
but it is not told that in Buddhism. It is believed in Buddhism that every
things is caused due to the karmic effect but due to the doing of the person.
then There should be a possibility to get a cure from the illness then the man
should acquire a strong discipline and a code of behavior in a strong way for
that the Buddha had taught five ways of good behaviors.
01. food culture
02 health according to
the live
03 health and season
04 to associate healthy
people
05 to associate persons
with good thought[xiii]
The
Buddha was a great philosopher and an eminent psychologist[xiv]. and also preached
clearly that the both the mind and the body is contred for
some illnesses. The Buddha found that the there are 1510 mental diseases of
people[xv]. there making than help
when there exist 44 illness in the human body and showed that those can be
treated to recover in a proper manner[xvi]. This physical body is
formed with 32 sections which are
getting decayed easily and this body will fall sick very quickly very
frequently “Roga niddam pabhamguram[xvii]”It
is a nest for diseases was given as a meaning when Girimananda thero fell sick The Buddha preached about many
illnesses such as deceases.
“Iti
imasmiṃ kāye vividhā ābādhā uppajjanti, seyyathidaṃ, cakkhurogo sotarogo
ghānarogo jivhārogo kāyarogo sīsarogo kaṇṇarogo mukharogo dantarogo oṭṭharogo
kāso sāso pināso ḍāho jaro kucchirogo mucchā pakkhandikā sūlā visūcikā kuṭṭhaṃ
gaṇḍo kilāso soso apamāro daddu kaṇḍu kacchu nakhasā vitacchikā lohitaṃ pittaṃ
madhumeho aṃsā piḷakā bhagandalā pittasamuṭṭhānā ābādhā semhasamuṭṭhānā ābādhā
vātasamuṭṭhānā ābādhā sannipātikā ābādhā utupariṇāmajā ābādhā visamaparihārajā
ābādhā opakkamikā ābādhā kammavipākajā ābādhā sītaṃ uṇhaṃ jighacchā pipāsā
uccāro passāvo’ti.[xviii]”
there are seeing
diseases, hearing diseases, nose diseases, tongue diseases, body diseases, head
diseases, ear diseases, mouth diseases, teeth diseases, cough, asthma, catarrh,
fever, aging, stomach ache, fainting, dysentery, grippe, cholera, leprosy,
boils, ringworm, tuberculosis, epilepsy, skin diseases, itch, scab, psoriasis,
scabies, jaundice, diabetes, hemorrhoids,
fistulas, ulcers, diseases arising from bile, from phlegm, from the wind
property, from combinations of bodily humors, from changes in the weather, from
uneven care of the body, from attacks, from the result of kamma, cold, heat,
hunger, thirst, defecation, urination.
likewise there are 47
decease in Girimananda sutta. according to this body is not a good place. it
can make fall into a big ailment and such as a feeble place. however it is a perception as per the
Buddhist philosophy. a fall well behaved, well with behaviors moving toward the
eternal bliss. It is very important to have a healthy insurance advise to the
people who are there and established in healthy way of behavior.
Beginning
of the Sinhala Buddhist Ayurveda system
after the lapse of 8 month of enlightenment the Buddha
accepted the sandalwood hall named “Muhulu”
at Sunaparantha state and stay few
days there went to Supparaka port and preached the dhamma there made thousands
to became disciples making there to
follow after higher ordination and some attain the path to Nibbana. During the
time the Buddha was to attain Nibbana Vijaya prince accompanied seven hundred people from the country named
Lāta reached Supparaka harbor having pleased with the Buddhist dispensation
followed the Buddha dhamma and sangha the three precepts, to said towards the
south and to its island which was infested with demons. In the middle of the ocean the
sailor witnessed the summit and with the radial rays of the Buddha. They were over joined and
was happy with delight determining that their island spreading of radiant light is the proper place to dwell. The
people who saw the light prince Vijaya and uttered saying it is a “Sīhelīya” which means bright light. The name which was
placed then to these island became “Sinhala” prince Vijaya dominated the demon
woman but there no human habitants for there years since there was only woman
and without men to propagate the human race. Prince started to discuss with her
friendly princes arrived at a suitable solution to get down woman from a
suitable state. in country where there are no woman there is no development in
rearing cottage industries, agriculture,
industry and etc. The prince sent messengers his brother sumiththa’s father in
law’s palace with large amount of gift including gems and pearls. at that time
the king of Madhu country too had enough invasions from 7 countries like Kālinga and was contemplating as to how to get over their situation and to safeguard the eighteen skills, sixty four arts which
was existing and wanted to hand over
such reaching to a suitable state, there
was a suitable opportunity the king of Pandu and considered a blessing the
Pandu king’s daughter princess Vijāyi hundred spinster daughters of the ministers
were kept and informed by using the
beaters informing the people to prepare their daughter and keep them at
the doorsteps of the houses who are willing
to proceed to Sri Lanka. The soldiers also gathered many mailed who were
at the door sill on the exact day to proceed to Sri Lanka also cattle breeders,
elephant keepers, stone cutters, gold smith and medicine etc. such 18 arts were
selected with 1000 families were send to the port to send to Sri Lanka gathering a letter to the king Vijaya king to
frm the state with them all. The ladies, the industrialists, formed 6 sates in
Thammennā, Upathissapura, Anurathapura, Wijithapura, Uruwelgama and Udenipura
as sections all these states were established with Dambadiva maha sammatha
arts. The panduwasudeva prince of the Kalinga
clan and the 32 Brahmin princes got involved for the development of those
states at this time the widudhabha
prince captured Kimbulwathnuwara at Dambadiwa, the Sakya princes in fear went
to Morapura. one with a retinue, one went to south to Wedisapura and
established kingdoms. The unit who went to Morapura was the children of
Bodhisatta uncle king Amithodana. The son of king Amithodana had one daughter
and 7 sons. She was Baddakachchāyana. seven royal princes express the war to
obtain the princess. to evade their war Pandu king with 32 ladies send he
daughter and all in the guise of nuns in a ship along the Gangā river on float
with the fortune of the people of Sri Lanka who had the blessing of developing
a human race. The princess and the followings with the ship came to Gonagam patuna in Sri Lanka. This prince
Bhaddakachchāyanā princess became the royal queen of the king Panduwāsudewa at
Upatissa town. while the other remaining princess became the queens of
otherroyal princes as well as of the other assistant Brahman princes and they
went back to the above mentioned states, they improved the laud prosperous subsequent the 6 sons of Pandushākya king in Dambadiwa
pandupura, namely Anuradha, wijitha, Rāma, Dīga, Rohana, Uruwela came to Sri
Lanka and landed at the island where sister princess landed. from the advent of
these six princes the Upathissanuwara, Anuradhapura, Wijithapura, Rāmagonapura,
Digāmadulla, Māgampura and Wilbārata became 7 states in Sri Lanka. Later the
king Panduwasudewa and queen Bhaddakachchāyanaand their sons Abhaya,
Ganathissa, Uththiya, Upathissa, Asela, Wibhātha, Rāma, Sīva, Maththakalena,
Maththaya and the daughter princess Chithra became the owners of the kingdom of
this Country[xix].
[i] Oïudkkao ysñ ul=remafma" [dKr;k ysñ mqiaie,a,dfõ" iqfïOdkkao ysñ
wïn,kaf.dv ^ixia& 2015" frda.dndO m%;sl¾u yd iajia:;dj ^fn!oaO
wdhq¾fõohg fmrjokla& m%K;s" fcHIaG uydpd¾h w;smQcH jE.u Y%S mshr;k
kdysñ wNskkaok O¾uYdia;%Sh ix.%yh" rcfha uqøK fomd¾;fïka;=j" 229
msgqj¡
[iii] nqoaOodi rc;=ud, ffjoHl idrd¾: ix.%yh, ^ixialdrl& l=udrisxy
wdhH_odi, cd;sl fl!;=ld.dr fomd¾;=fïka;=j, 1-2 msgq¡
[vi] wßhúu, ysñ fldiaj;af;a, ^2010&, nqoaO O¾uh, iuhj¾Ok
fmd;ay, ^fm!oa.,sl& iud.u, urodk,
348 msgqj¡
[vii] Anguttara Nikaya 1, akammaniya vagga, 10 sutta,
(2005), Bhesajjakkhandhaka, Buddha Jayanti Tripitaka Series, p. 12
[ix] Anguttara Nikaya, sacittaka vagga, Girimananda sutta,
(2005), Bhesajjakkhandhaka, Buddha Jayanti Tripitaka Series, p. 198
[xi] Anguttara Nikaya, dasaka nipata, sacittaka vagga,
Girimananda sutta, (2005), Bhesajjakkhandhaka, Buddha Jayanti Tripitaka Series,
p. 202
[xii] l=udrkdhl ã'fÊ'tia iy
l=udrkdhl iqkkao whsrdx.kS, ^1986& f.or ffjoHjrhd
fyj;a f.or w;afnfy;a fmd;,
wdhq¾fõo fomd¾;fïka;=j,
¹ msgqj¡
[xiv] pkaoúu, ysñ f¾reldfka,^1973&,
flf,ia tlaoyia mkaishh,
YS% pkaoúu, O¾umqia;l ixrËK uKav,h,
fmdl=Kqúg,
317 msgqj¡
[xvi] Khuddaka nikaya, first part (2005), Bhesajjakkhandhaka, Buddha Jayanti Tripitaka Series, p. 62
[xviii] Anguttara Nikaya, dasaka nipata, sacittaka vagga,
Girimananda sutta, (2005), Bhesajjakkhandhaka, Buddha Jayanti Tripitaka Series,
p. 194
Comments
Post a Comment